1.鈑金結(jié)構(gòu)機柜的組成鈑金結(jié)構(gòu)機柜由底座、前后門、側(cè)門、前后框架、上蓋、角規(guī)及橫梁組成，一般采用可組裝結(jié)構(gòu)方式，以便于組裝、聯(lián)接及移動。

　　1. The composition of sheet metal structure cabinet: Sheet metal structure cabinet consists of a base, front and rear doors, side doors, front and rear frames, upper cover, angle gauge and crossbeam. It generally adopts an assembly structure for easy assembly, connection and movement.

　　鈑金結(jié)構(gòu)機柜的鈑金件通過金屬薄板冷加工而成 ，同一類型鈑金件具備相同厚度，鈑金結(jié)構(gòu)機柜是一個聯(lián)接牢固的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，采用承重性較強的固定托盤 ，一方面能夠使機柜更加穩(wěn)固，另一方面也有利于控制設(shè)備穩(wěn)定運行。鈑金結(jié)構(gòu)機柜的角規(guī)，為確保機柜能夠接地，一般采用鍍彩鋅加以處理。鈑金機柜前后門采用高密度網(wǎng)孔構(gòu)造，能有效減少機柜內(nèi)部設(shè)備的電磁輻射。鈑金機柜的風(fēng)機外殼經(jīng)過一次成型，有效減弱風(fēng)機的震動。鈑金機柜的表面進(jìn)行噴砂和噴塑加工，整體結(jié)構(gòu)采用防腐噴塑技術(shù)，能有效抗腐蝕，抗酸堿 。

　　The sheet metal parts of the sheet metal structure cabinet are made by cold processing metal sheets, and the same type of sheet metal parts have the same thickness. The sheet metal structure cabinet is a firmly connected overall structure, using a fixed tray with strong load-bearing capacity. On the one hand, it can make the cabinet more stable, and on the other hand, it is also conducive to controlling the stable operation of the equipment. The angle gauge of the sheet metal structure cabinet is generally treated with colored zinc plating to ensure safe grounding of the cabinet. The front and rear doors of the sheet metal cabinet adopt high-density mesh structure, which can effectively reduce the electromagnetic radiation of the equipment inside the cabinet. The fan casing of the sheet metal cabinet is formed once, effectively reducing the vibration of the fan. The surface of the sheet metal cabinet is sandblasted and sprayed with plastic, and the overall structure adopts anti-corrosion spraying technology, which can effectively resist corrosion and acid and alkali.

　　2.鈑金結(jié)構(gòu)機柜結(jié)構(gòu)類型

　　2. Sheet metal structure cabinet structure type

　　鈑金機柜在結(jié)構(gòu)方面，有兩種分類方式，按照機柜框架劃分，可以分為整板式和立柱橫梁結(jié)合式；按照機柜角聯(lián)的方式劃分 ，又可以分為粘接聯(lián)接、螺釘聯(lián)接、銷聯(lián)接及焊聯(lián)接等四種形式。由這幾種形式類型可以看到，鈑金機柜在加工制造過程中主要涉及到了電焊、剪板及折彎這三種工藝，這三種工藝也是鈑金工藝形式的主要工序 。

　　There are two classification methods for sheet metal cabinets in terms of structure. According to the cabinet frame, they can be divided into full plate and column beam combination types; According to the angle connection of the cabinet, it can be divided into four forms: adhesive connection, screw connection, pin connection, and welding connection. From these types of forms, it can be seen that sheet metal cabinets mainly involve three processes in the manufacturing process: welding, cutting, and bending, which are also the main processes of sheet metal technology.

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　　3.鈑金結(jié)構(gòu)機柜的主要聯(lián)接方式

　　3. Main connection methods for sheet metal structure cabinets

　　隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步和工藝水平的提高 ，鈑金機柜在加工制造上也有著多樣的制作方式，既可以采用整面板制作而成，又可以使用具備相應(yīng)尺寸規(guī)范的插件加以組合而成。通常情況下，前、中、側(cè)橫梁及外部強迫散熱立柱構(gòu)成了鈑金機柜的主體結(jié)構(gòu)，一般來說，前、側(cè)橫梁和立柱主要是通過折彎及與折彎工藝相結(jié)合的避位穿插應(yīng)用技術(shù)加以聯(lián)接，同時 ，前、側(cè)橫梁的聯(lián)接還可 以采用焊接的方式 ；中橫梁的聯(lián)接 主要依靠立柱帶有的工藝槽。

　　With the advancement of technology and the improvement of process level, sheet metal cabinets also have various production methods in processing and manufacturing. They can be made by using whole panels or by combining plugins with corresponding size specifications. In general, the main structure of the sheet metal cabinet is composed of the front, middle, and side crossbeams, as well as external forced cooling columns. Generally speaking, the front, side crossbeams, and columns are mainly connected through bending and the use of avoidance and insertion techniques combined with bending technology. At the same time, the connection of the front and side crossbeams can also be achieved through welding; The connection of the middle crossbeam mainly relies on the process slots provided by the columns.

　　鈑金結(jié)構(gòu)機柜設(shè)計應(yīng)滿足的設(shè)計要求

　　Design Requirements for Sheet Metal Structure Cabinet Design

　　在進(jìn)行鈑金結(jié)構(gòu)機柜設(shè)計時，要明確鈑金機柜的設(shè)計性能，在此基礎(chǔ)上，運用各種新工藝設(shè)計草圖、規(guī)定尺寸及結(jié)構(gòu)、確定強度，使機柜的技術(shù)參數(shù)達(dá)到設(shè)計要求。具體地說，鈑金機柜在設(shè)計中需要遵循的設(shè)計規(guī)范為以下幾方面：

　　When designing sheet metal structure cabinets, it is necessary to first clarify the design performance of the sheet metal cabinet. Based on this, various new process design sketches, specified dimensions and structures, and determined strength should be used to ensure that the technical parameters of the cabinet meet the design requirements. Specifically, the design specifications that need to be followed in the design of sheet metal cabinets are as follows:

　　，充分發(fā)揮鈑金機柜在抗震、抗腐蝕、防沖擊、防水防塵及防輻射等方面 的性能 ，確?？刂圃O(shè)備運行。

　　Firstly, fully utilize the performance of sheet metal cabinets in terms of earthquake resistance, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, waterproof, dustproof, and radiation resistance to ensure the safe operation of control equipment.

　　其次，各項措施要到位，并確保能夠有效使用，便于進(jìn)行機柜的組裝和維修，保障操作人員的人身。

　　Secondly, all safety measures should be in place and ensure effective use, facilitating the assembly and maintenance of cabinets, and ensuring the personal safety of operators.

　　再次，在具體性能上應(yīng)達(dá)到規(guī)格化及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的要求，如良好的通風(fēng)散熱，較好的電磁兼容性。

　　Again, the specific performance should meet the requirements of standardization and normalization, such as good ventilation and heat dissipation, and good electromagnetic compatibility.

　　第四，鈑金機柜設(shè)計在滿足基本性能的同時，要追求造型的美觀和色彩的豐富。

　　Fourthly, the design of sheet metal cabinets should not only meet basic performance requirements, but also pursue aesthetic appearance and rich colors.

　　鈑金結(jié)構(gòu)的機柜設(shè)計要點

　　Key points of cabinet design for sheet metal structure

　　1.熱設(shè)計

　　1. Thermal design

　　由于熱設(shè)計是對電氣設(shè)備能否正常運轉(zhuǎn)的保證，這就需要我們對 電器設(shè)備予 以細(xì)致的考量與分析 ，了解其基本作業(yè) 的方法 與原理，并對熱設(shè)計進(jìn)行合理與科學(xué)的設(shè)計，提出適合其作業(yè)的方案。

　　As thermal design is the guarantee for the normal operation of electrical equipment, it requires us to carefully consider and analyze the electrical equipment, understand its basic operating methods and principles, and carry out reasonable and scientific design of thermal design, proposing the optimal solution suitable for its operation.

　　(1)散熱方法的選擇機柜內(nèi)部電子元件產(chǎn)生的熱量可以使用各種冷卻方法。由于環(huán)境粉塵污染很嚴(yán)重，要求機柜密封，同類產(chǎn)品的比較，機柜散熱型式采用了內(nèi)部強迫對流、外部熱量交換的緊湊式空氣／空氣熱交換器和機殼 自然散熱相結(jié)介的散熱形式。使用空氣／空氣熱交換器前提條件環(huán)境溫度低于箱體內(nèi)部溫度，山兩條獨立的空氣循環(huán)，灰塵和環(huán)境空氣不能進(jìn)入機柜內(nèi)部。其原理是箱體 內(nèi)部被加熱后的空氣 由高性能風(fēng)扇導(dǎo)引進(jìn)入 熱交換器模塊，外部風(fēng)扇帶動外部低溫空氣流過模塊，熱交換在進(jìn)行交換鋁板上完成 ，通過鋁板導(dǎo)熱 ，空氣與空氣之間不直接接觸 。機殼自然散熱=機殼對流+機殼輻射散熱，因而實現(xiàn)了較大機柜內(nèi)部密封散熱的問題。其形式如圖1所示。(2)散熱量的計算對于散熱量的計算則根據(jù)環(huán)境溫度要求采用了功率估算法 與同類產(chǎn)品類 比的方法得 到，熱交換器散 熱約為總散熱量三分之二、機殼 自然散熱總量約為總散熱量三分之一左右。散熱總量= 熱交換散熱(內(nèi)部強迫對流+ 外部強迫散熱)+機殼自然總散熱(機殼對流+ 機殼輻射)

　　(1) The selection of heat dissipation methods: Various cooling methods can be used to dissipate the heat generated by electronic components inside the cabinet. Due to severe dust pollution in the environment, it is required to seal the cabinet. Compared with similar products, the cabinet adopts a compact air/air heat exchanger with internal forced convection and external heat exchange, and a natural heat dissipation system through the chassis. The prerequisite for using an air/air heat exchanger is that the ambient temperature is lower than the internal temperature of the cabinet, and there are two independent air circulation channels. Dust and ambient air cannot enter the interior of the cabinet. The principle is that the heated air inside the box is guided into the heat exchanger module by a high-performance fan, and the external fan drives the low-temperature air to flow through the module. The heat exchange is completed on the exchange aluminum plate, and the heat is conducted through the aluminum plate without direct contact between the air. The natural heat dissipation of the chassis=convection of the chassis+radiation heat dissipation of the chassis, thus achieving the problem of sealed heat dissipation inside larger cabinets. Its form is shown in Figure 1. (2) The calculation of heat dissipation is based on the environmental temperature requirements, using power estimation method and analogy with similar products. The heat exchanger dissipates about two-thirds of the total heat dissipation, and the total natural heat dissipation of the chassis is about one-third of the total heat dissipation. Total heat dissipation=Heat exchange heat dissipation (internal forced convection+external forced heat dissipation)+Natural total heat dissipation of the chassis (chassis convection+chassis radiation)

　　2.機柜設(shè)計中的電屏蔽問題

　　2. Electrical shielding issues in cabinet design

　　由于機柜內(nèi)部電子元件及電路往往靠得很近，因此會相互產(chǎn)生干擾，尤其是大量單元印制板電路安裝在較小的機柜內(nèi)部，相互干擾的可能性增大。為了確保設(shè)備的正常工作，在設(shè)計過程中必須考慮相互之間的電磁干擾，主要采取了以下幾種方式使其得到解決。

　　Due to the close proximity of electronic components and circuits inside the cabinet, they can interfere with each other, especially when a large number of unit printed circuit boards are installed inside smaller cabinets, increasing the possibility of mutual interference. In order to ensure the normal operation of the equipment, electromagnetic interference between each other must be considered in the design process, and the following methods have been mainly adopted to solve it.

　　(1)在印制板較多的需要特殊屏蔽的地方，機柜內(nèi)部相互干擾的地方使用屏蔽板，可以避免外部對內(nèi)的電干擾 。

　　(1) In areas where there are many printed boards that require special shielding and where there is mutual interference inside the cabinet, using shielding boards can avoid external to internal electrical interference.

　　(2)良好的接地效果。整機設(shè)計接地，內(nèi)部也采用多個接地點接地。1)電屏蔽設(shè)計用接地的金屬板將電路板插箱上下層隔離起來，將電路間干擾減少到小程度，使電路由分布電容泄漏出的能量經(jīng)屏蔽板短接人地面，不致出入其它電路中。如果屏蔽不接地，則電場對電路的干擾反而更嚴(yán)重，要取得 良好的工作效果，屏蔽體必須良好的接地。2)螺釘連接部分 ，盡量采用內(nèi)齒 陛墊圈和外齒 ?陡墊圈，以減少接觸電阻。

　　(2) Good grounding effect. The whole machine is designed to be grounded, and multiple grounding points are also used internally. 1) The grounding metal plate is used in the electrical shielding design to isolate the upper and lower layers of the circuit board plug-in box, reducing interference between circuits to a minimum, and allowing the energy leaked from distributed capacitors to short-circuit to the ground through the shielding plate, preventing it from entering or leaving other circuits. If the shielding is not grounded, the interference of the electric field on the circuit will be more severe. To achieve good working effect, the shielding body must be well grounded. 2) For screw connections, try to use inner toothed washers and outer toothed washers as much as possible? Steep washer to reduce contact resistance.

　　3.機柜設(shè)計中振動沖擊問題

　　3. Vibration and impact issues in cabinet design

　　通過實際的作業(yè)，我們能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)機柜本身就具有體積大的特征，如果對其進(jìn)行安裝之后，就無法再對其進(jìn)行隨意的移動，并且在對其進(jìn)行運輸?shù)沫h(huán)夠發(fā)現(xiàn)其有 自己特殊的振動方式，主要是慣性的沖擊形式與顛簸振動的形式這兩種；出于對運輸顛簸的考慮，需要我們在機柜的設(shè)計過程中要考慮到其本身的體積與重量問題，需要將機柜設(shè)計的進(jìn)行下移，使之能夠?qū)⒄駝咏档?。還需要對運輸中的包裝箱予以加固，做到同機柜的一體化安裝。環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性導(dǎo)致在車間的作業(yè)中，發(fā)現(xiàn)其設(shè)備的集中與密集性，使其能夠造成很大的干擾性問題，特別是對機柜的作業(yè)。這就要求我們要對設(shè)備進(jìn)行改良，比如，將具有減震功能的設(shè)備同地板相固定，并對機柜進(jìn)行強迫式的振動形式，這個改良的過程中需要考慮關(guān)鍵問題，就是剛性的結(jié)構(gòu)問題。

　　Through practical work, we can find that the cabinet itself has the characteristic of large volume. If it is installed, it cannot be moved freely, and during transportation, it can be found that it has its own special vibration modes, mainly habitual impact and bumpy vibration; Due to the consideration of transportation bumps, we need to take into account the volume and weight of the cabinet during its design process. We need to lower the center of gravity of the cabinet design to minimize vibration. It is also necessary to reinforce the packaging boxes during transportation, preferably achieving integrated installation with the same cabinet. The complexity of the environment leads to the concentration and density of equipment in workshop operations, which can cause significant interference problems, especially for cabinet operations. This requires us to make improvements to the equipment, such as fixing devices with shock-absorbing functions to the floor and subjecting the cabinets to forced vibration. During this improvement process, key issues need to be considered, which is the rigidity of the structure.

　　4.新結(jié)構(gòu) 、新材料在機柜設(shè)計中的應(yīng)用

　　4. Application of new structures and materials in cabinet design

　　(1)新結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用隨著社會現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展，在產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)指標(biāo)中，對機柜結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計卻成了關(guān)鍵勝的問題。在機柜的設(shè)計中，要注意其產(chǎn)品技術(shù)的性能與指標(biāo)，還有對結(jié)構(gòu)的工藝性設(shè)計 。使之能夠既美觀，又實用。在對機柜結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的實際操作中，要注意按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的流程對其進(jìn)行設(shè)計與安裝。這就要求在機柜結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計過程中，要注重對新結(jié)構(gòu)的考量與應(yīng)用。

　　(1) With the development of social modernization, the application of new structures has made the design of cabinet structures a key issue in the technical specifications of products. In the design of the cabinet, attention should be paid to the performance and indicators of its product technology, as well as the process design of the structure. Make it both aesthetically pleasing and practical. In the practical operation of designing the cabinet structure, attention should be paid to designing and installing it according to standardized procedures. This requires attention to the consideration and application of new structures in the design process of cabinet structures.

　　在新的結(jié)構(gòu)中，通過十九寸的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機柜中的鋁型材，與立柜式樣的機架機柜相聯(lián)結(jié)，其在結(jié)構(gòu)上又通過頂、底板的鋁合金小鑄件的應(yīng)用，將以前應(yīng)用中常用的焊接與鉚接方法所取代，并在機柜的里面通過一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸，對其進(jìn)行添加插箱與插件，與此同時，還付之以積木式的結(jié)構(gòu)特征。由于鋁型材本身所具有的特征就比較輕巧 ，使其具有易于安裝的特征

　　In the new structure, aluminum profiles from a 19 inch standard cabinet are connected to a rack cabinet in the form of a standing cabinet. The welding and riveting methods commonly used in previous applications are replaced by the application of aluminum alloy small castings on the top and bottom plates, and plug-in boxes and plugins are added inside the cabinet with a certain standard size. At the same time, a modular structural feature is also added. Due to the lightweight nature of aluminum profiles, they are easy to install

　　(2)新工藝、新材料在設(shè)計中的應(yīng)用在機柜設(shè)計中使用了一些新的零件工藝，精飾就是其中之一。在對機柜右側(cè)l9寸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)插箱設(shè)計時 ，要對其元件非有效裝配區(qū)域用面來進(jìn)行裝飾，面板的外觀處理可以有幾種處理方法，如噴柒表面、氧化及一些傳統(tǒng)的工藝方法，但如何能夠使其整體效果統(tǒng)一，通過多次實驗，終確定使用與l9寸機箱風(fēng)格、外觀效果接近一致的精飾新工藝，既達(dá)到了與19寸機箱外觀的一致，整機效果提高，同時提高設(shè)備檔次。

　　(2) The application of new processes and materials in design involves the use of some new component processes in cabinet design, and finishing is one of them. When designing the standard 19 inch plug-in box on the right side of the cabinet, it is necessary to decorate the non effective assembly area of its components. There are several methods for treating the appearance of the panel, such as spraying the surface, oxidation, and some traditional processes. However, how to make the overall effect uniform? After multiple experiments, it was finally determined to use a new finishing process that is close to the style and appearance of the 19 inch chassis. This not only achieves consistency with the appearance of the 19 inch chassis, improves the overall effect, but also enhances the equipment grade.

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