1. Bending

所有的電線在敷設(shè)時，都講究橫平豎直，配電箱也一樣。但是在配電箱接線中，雖然要求“直”，同時還要求不允許出現(xiàn)90°角。

All wires should be laid horizontally and vertically, and the same applies to distribution boxes. However, in the wiring of the distribution box, although it is required to be "straight", it is also required that no 90 ° angle is allowed.

這樣做是因?yàn)椋?dāng)電線的彎折角度大于90°后，就會對電線的絕緣層造成傷害——明顯的就是絕緣層發(fā)白、變色。后果就是降低絕緣層的耐性，對絕緣性、 阻燃性都有較大影響。

This is because when the bending angle of the wire is greater than 90 °, it will cause damage to the insulation layer of the wire - the most obvious is the whitening and discoloration of the insulation layer. The consequence is to reduce the durability of the insulation layer, which has a significant impact on both insulation and flame retardancy.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的做法是，所有需要折彎的地方，都折成圓弧形的角，同時還要保證縱向電線與橫向電線垂直。

The standard practice is to fold all areas that need to be bent into circular corners, while also ensuring that the longitudinal wires are perpendicular to the transverse wires.

2.交叉

2. Intersection

有兩種情況會出現(xiàn)交叉，種是沒有按照上文所說的，做到區(qū)分縱向的電線和橫向電線，更不用說保證兩者垂直了。當(dāng)電線亂七八糟的排列在配電箱里，勢必會造成電線較差。這樣做的后果是配電箱內(nèi)雜亂，一旦出現(xiàn)故障，維修起來會很麻煩。

There are two situations where there may be intersections. The first is that the distinction between longitudinal and transverse wires has not been made as mentioned earlier, let alone ensuring that the two are perpendicular. When the wires are arranged in a disorderly manner in the distribution box, it is bound to cause poor wiring. The consequence of doing so is that the distribution box is messy, and once a malfunction occurs, it can be very troublesome to repair.

另一種情況就比較嚴(yán)重了，是指橫平豎直的進(jìn)線與出線存在交叉。

Another situation is more serious, which refers to the intersection of horizontal and vertical incoming and outgoing lines.

在圖中，主開關(guān)的出線從開關(guān)的左側(cè)繞過，接到右側(cè)斷路器的上口。這樣一來，勢必會造成主開關(guān)的出線和主開關(guān)的進(jìn)線交叉。這樣做有兩個后果：①主開關(guān)的進(jìn)線會受到出線的壓迫，導(dǎo)致進(jìn)線接線不牢固；②在斷開主開關(guān)對配電箱進(jìn)行維修時，維修人員就有可能在維修主開關(guān)出線時接觸到帶電的進(jìn)線，導(dǎo)致觸電。

In the figure, the outgoing line of the main switch bypasses the left side of the switch and connects to the upper port of the right circuit breaker. In this way, it will inevitably cause the outgoing line of the main switch to cross with the incoming line of the main switch. There are two consequences of doing this: ① the incoming line of the main switch will be compressed by the outgoing line, resulting in unstable incoming wiring; ② When disconnecting the main switch for maintenance of the distribution box, maintenance personnel may come into contact with live incoming lines during the maintenance of the main switch outgoing line, resulting in electric shock.

3.跳線

3. Jumper

這個配電箱存在出線與進(jìn)線交叉的情況，這屬于上一節(jié)的內(nèi)容，不再多說。我們單看主開關(guān)的出線——主開關(guān)后面有四個分開關(guān)，卻只從主開關(guān)的出線接線柱引出了2根線（零火線各一根）。那它是怎么為后面四個分開關(guān)提供電源的呢？（零線直接接到了零排上，我們不再管它。）

This distribution box has a situation where the outgoing and incoming lines intersect, which belongs to the previous section and will not be further discussed. Let's just look at the outgoing lines of the main switch - there are four sub switches behind the main switch, but only two wires (one neutral wire and one live wire) are led out from the outgoing terminal of the main switch. How does it provide power for the following four sub switches? (The zero line is directly connected to the zero line, and we will no longer care about it.)

方法是將出線接到個分開關(guān)，再從個分開關(guān)的進(jìn)線接線柱引出一條線，接到第二個分開關(guān)……這樣一來，、二、三個分開管的上口接線柱，便都接了兩根線。這種從前一個斷路器上口取電源的方法，就叫做“跳線”。跳線的接法，早在2010年就被國標(biāo)禁止，原因如下。

The method is to connect the outgoing line to the first sub switch, and then lead a line from the incoming terminal of the first sub switch to the second sub switch... In this way, the upper terminal of the first, second, and three separate pipes are all connected with two lines. This method of taking power from the previous circuit breaker is called "jumper". The connection of jumpers was prohibited by the national standard as early as 2010, for the following reasons.

跳線的危害

Hazards of Jumpers

箱內(nèi)線，一般為4平方毫米或2.5平方毫米，4平方毫米的電線，大載流量為25A以上（數(shù)據(jù)來源于《GB/T 4706.1-2005》）。一個五孔插座的額定電流是10A，一個三孔插座的額定電流是16A，整個房間會有多少個插座？因此，25A的載流量很明顯不夠，是會引起電線過載的。

The internal wire of the box is generally 4 square millimeters or 2.5 square millimeters, with a maximum current carrying capacity of 25A or more for wires of 4 square millimeters (data sourced from GB/T 4706.1-2005). The rated current of a five hole socket is 10A, and the rated current of a three hole socket is 16A. How many sockets will there be in the entire room? Therefore, the current carrying capacity of 25A is clearly insufficient and can cause wire overload.

入戶線一般為6平方毫米，大載流量為32A以上，能夠滿足家用（因此要求家庭總開關(guān)的額定電流不超過32A）。

The entrance line is generally 6 square millimeters, with a maximum current carrying capacity of 32A or above, which can meet the requirements of household use (therefore, the rated current of the home main switch should not exceed 32A).

那么，如果我把箱內(nèi)電線換掉，也換成6平方毫米的行不行？答案是不行！電線太粗，勢必會擠壓箱內(nèi)空間，影響散熱。家用PZ30箱要求，電線不得超過4平方毫米。

So, if I replace the wires inside the box, can I also replace them with 6 square millimeters? The answer is no! If the wires are too thick, they will inevitably squeeze the space inside the box and affect heat dissipation. Household PZ30 boxes require that the wires should not exceed 4 square millimeters.

正確的接法為，每有一個支路斷路器，就要從主開關(guān)下口引出一條線。

The correct connection method is to lead a line from the lower port of the main switch for each branch circuit breaker.

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